Remote-Url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8741955/
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[Title & authors         ]
Clinical Trial
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
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. 1996 Jan;123(1):55-63.
doi: 10.1007/BF02246281.

Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

E D Levin^  1 , C K Conners, E Sparrow, S C Hinton, D Erhardt, W H Meck, J E
Rose, J March
Affiliations Expand

Affiliation

  • ^1 Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    27710, USA.

  • PMID: 8741955
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF02246281

Item in Clipboard
Clinical Trial

Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

E D Levin et al. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Jan.
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Psychopharmacology (Berl)
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. 1996 Jan;123(1):55-63.
doi: 10.1007/BF02246281.

Authors

E D Levin^  1 , C K Conners, E Sparrow, S C Hinton, D Erhardt, W H Meck, J E
Rose, J March

Affiliation

  • ^1 Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    27710, USA.

  • PMID: 8741955
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF02246281

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Abstract

Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be useful in treating the
symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study
was an acute, placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine whether
nicotine might be useful as an alternative treatment of adults with ADHD
symptomatology. Six smokers and 11 nonsmokers who were outpatient referrals for
ADHD were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Measures of treatment effect included
the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, Hopkins' symptom check list
(SCL-90-R), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous
Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop test, and an interval-timing task. The
smokers underwent overnight deprivation from smoking and were given a 21 mg/day
nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. The nonsmokers were
given a 7 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. Active
and placebo patches were given in a counter-balanced order approximately 1 week
apart. Nicotine caused a significant overall nicotine-induced improvement on
the CGI. This effect was significant when only the nonsmokers were considered,
which indicated that it was not due merely to withdrawal relief. Nicotine
caused significantly increased vigor as measured by the POMS test. Nicotine
caused an overall significant reduction in reaction time (RT) on the CPT, as
well as, with the smokers, a significant reduction in another index of
inattention, variability in reaction time over trial blocks. Nicotine improved
accuracy of time estimation and lowered variability of time-estimation response
curves. Because improvements occurred among nonsmokers, the nicotine effect
appears not to be merely a relief of withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that
nicotine deserves further clinical trials with ADHD.

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