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Hard code golf: Regex for divisibility by 7

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Asked 10 years, 5 months ago
Active 1 month ago
Viewed 37k times
81
29
 
\$\begingroup\$

Matthias Goergens has a 25,604-character (down from the original
63,993-character) regex to match numbers divisible by 7, but that includes a
lot of fluff: redundant parentheses, distribution (xx|xy|yx|yy rather than [xy]
{2}) and other issues, though I'm sure a fresh start would be helpful in saving
space. How small can this be made?

Any reasonable variety of regular expressions are allowed, but no executable
code in the regex.

The regular expression should match all strings containing the decimal
representation of a number divisible by 7 and no others. Extra credit for a
regex that does not allow initial 0s.

code-golf math regular-expression
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edited Nov 9 '15 at 14:23
Charles
asked Aug 19 '11 at 20:21
[deb]
CharlesCharles
2,55311 gold badge1414 silver badges2222 bronze badges
\$\endgroup\$
7

  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ What is the precise intention? Does it have to match all
    numbers of any size divisible by 7, or, for example, only valid 32-bit
    uints? \$\endgroup\$
    – Peter Taylor
    Aug 19 '11 at 20:38
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ @Peter Taylor: It should match all strings that are the
    decimal representation of a number divisible by 7. Extra credit for
    solutions that disallow leading 0s. \$\endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Aug 19 '11 at 22:13
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ By any chance... need the regex not match numbers
    indivisible by 7? \$\endgroup\$
    – boothby
    Jan 7 '14 at 8:25
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ @boothby: Absolutely, else you could just use the empty
    expression. \$\endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Jan 7 '14 at 9:12
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ @n̴̖̋h̷͉̃a̷̭̿h̸̡̅ẗ̵̨́d̷̰̀ĥ̷̳ Yes, 0 should be allowed in either version. \$\
    endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Mar 16 '16 at 5:28

  |  Show 2 more comments

6 Answers 6

Active Oldest Votes
102
 
\$\begingroup\$

[S:13,755:S] [S:12,699:S] 12,731 Characters

This regex does not reject leading zero.

(0|7|[18]5*4|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4))|(4|[18]5*[18]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(2|9|35*4|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)))|(5|[18]5*[29]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(4|[18]5*[18]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))(4|[07]5*[29]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))*(6|[07]5*4|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(2|9|35*4|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4))))|(6|[18]5*3|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3))|(4|[18]5*[18]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(1|8|35*3|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)))|(5|[18]5*[29]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(4|[18]5*[18]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(3|[18]5*[07]|(2|9|[18]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))(4|[07]5*[29]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))*(5|[07]5*3|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(1|8|35*3|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)))))(2|9|45*3|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3))|(0|7|45*[18]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(1|8|35*3|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)))|(1|8|45*[29]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(0|7|45*[18]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))(4|[07]5*[29]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))*(5|[07]5*3|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(1|8|35*3|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(4|65*3|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(0|7|[29]5*3)))))*(3|45*4|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4))|(0|7|45*[18]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(2|9|35*4|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)))|(1|8|45*[29]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(0|7|45*[18]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(6|45*[07]|(5|45*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))(4|[07]5*[29]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(0|7|35*[29]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(3|65*[29]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(6|[29]5*[29]))))*(6|[07]5*4|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4))|(3|[07]5*[18]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(2|9|[07]5*[07]|(1|8|[07]5*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))(6|35*[18]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(2|9|65*[18]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(5|[29]5*[18])))*(2|9|35*4|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4)|(5|35*[07]|(4|35*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))(1|8|65*[07]|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(4|[29]5*[07]))*(5|65*4|(0|7|65*6)(3|[29]5*6)*(1|8|[29]5*4))))))*

This is tested with The Regex Coach.

How We Get There

The Regex above produced by first constructing a DFA which would accept the
input we want (decimals divisible by 7) and then converting to a Regular
Expression and fixing the notation

To understand this, it helps to first make a DFA which accepts the following
language:

L = {w | w is a binary representation of an integer divisible by 7 }

That is, it will 'match' binary numbers that are divisible by 7.

The DFA looks like this:

Mod 7 NFA

How it works

You keep a current value A that represents the value of the bits the DFA has
read. When you read a 0 then A = 2*A and when you read a 1 A = 2*A + 1. At each
step you calculate A mod 7 then you go to the state that represents the answer.

So a test run

We're reading in 10101 which is the binary representation for 21 in decimal.

 1. We start at state q0, currently A=0
 2. We read a 1, from the 'rule' above A = 2*A + 1 so A = 1. A mod 7 = 1 so we
    move to state q1
 3. We read a 0, A = 2*A = 2, A mod 7 = 2 so we move to q2
 4. Read a 1, A = 2*A + 1 = 5, A mod 7 = 5, move to q5
 5. Read a 0, A = 2*A = 10, A mod 7 = 3, move to q3
 6. Read a 1, A = 2*A + 1 = 21, A mod 7 = 0, move to q0
 7. The input is accepted so the number 10101 is divisible by 7!

Converting the DFA to a Regular Expression is a tricky task so I got JFLAP to
do it for me, producing the following:

(0|111|100((1|00)0)*011|(101|100((1|00)0)*(1|00)1)(1((1|00)0)*(1|00)1)*(01|1((1|00)0)*011)|(110|100((1|00)0)*010|(101|100((1|00)0)*(1|00)1)(1((1|00)0)*(1|00)1)*(00|1((1|00)0)*010))(1|0(1((1|00)0)*(1|00)1)*(00|1((1|00)0)*010))*0(1((1|00)0)*(1|00)1)*(01|1((1|00)0)*011))*

For Decimal Numbers

The process is much the same:

I constructed a DFA which accepts the language:

L = {w | w is a decimal number that is divisible by 7}

Here's the DFA:

[StGDs]

The logic is similar, same number of states just many more transitions to
handle all the extra digits decimal numbers bring.

Now the rule to change A at each step is: when you read a decimal digit n: A =
10*A + n. Then again you just mod A by 7 and go to the next state.

Revisions

Revision 5

The above regular expression now rejects numbers leading zeros - apart from
zero itself of course.

This makes the DFA slightly different, basically you branch off from the
initial node when you read the first zero. Reading another zero puts you into
an infinite loop on the branched state. I haven't fixed the diagram to show
this.

Revision 7

Did some "metaregex" and shortened my regex by replacing some of the unions
with character classes.

Revision 10 and 11 (by nhahtdh)

The author's modification to reject leading zero is incorrect. It makes the
regexes fail to match valid numbers, such as 1110 (decimal = 14) in the case of
binary regex, and 70 in the case of decimal regex. These revision reverts the
modification, and consequently, allows arbitrary leading zeros and empty string
to match.

This revision increases the size of the decimal regex, since it corrects a bug
in the original regex, caused by a missing an edge (9) from state 5 to state 3
in the original DFA.

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edited Dec 11 '21 at 2:57
[nuL]
caird coinheringaahing
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answered Aug 19 '11 at 21:24
[mJC]
GriffinGriffin
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\$\endgroup\$
14

  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ I will clarify the question to specify decimal. Yes, it's
    much easier in bases b where 7 | b(b-1). \$\endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Aug 19 '11 at 22:14
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ I have amended my answer. Decimal is all good :D \$\
    endgroup\$
    – Griffin
    Aug 19 '11 at 22:19
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ Too late for me to amend my comment, though... I meant 7 |
    B(B-1) where B is a small power of b. Binary has a short regex since 7 | 8
    (8-1). Decimal is larger since 7 | 999999000000 is the smallest that works.
    \$\endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Aug 19 '11 at 23:11
  • 3
    \$\begingroup\$ btw i think you used DFA, not NFA \$\endgroup\$
    – binarycode
    Dec 23 '13 at 19:02
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ Neither of the regexes shown in this answer are correct.
    The binary one doesn't match 1110, and the one for decimal doesn't match
    70. This was tested in both python and perl. (python required converting
    every ( to (?: first) \$\endgroup\$
    – Daniel Martin
    Nov 9 '15 at 18:53

  |  Show 9 more comments
39
 
\$\begingroup\$

.NET regex, [DEL:119:DEL] [DEL:118:DEL] 105 bytes

^(?>(?=[1468](?<4>)|)(?=[2569](?<4>){2}|)([3-6]()|\d)((?<-2>)(){3}|){7}((?<-4>){7}|(?<2-4>)|){9})+$(?!\2)

111 characters disallowing initial 0s:

^(?!0.)(?>(?=[1468](?<4>)|)(?=[2569](?<4>){2}|)([3-6]()|\d)((?<-2>)(){3}|){7}((?<-4>){7}|(?<2-4>)|){9})+$(?!\2)

113 characters disallowing initial 0s and supporting negative numbers:

^-?(?>(?=[1468](?<4>)|)(?=[2569](?<4>){2}|)([3-6]()|\d)((?<-2>)(){3}|){7}((?<-4>){7}|(?<2-4>)|){9})+$(?!\2)

Try it here.

Explanation (of the previous version)

It uses the techniques used by various answers in this question: Cops and
Robbers: Reverse Regex Golf. The .NET regex has a feature called balancing
group, which can be used for doing arithmetic. (?<a>) pushes a group a. (?<-a>)
pops that and doesn't match if there isn't a group a matched before.

  • (?>...) Match and don't backtrack later. So it will always match only the
    first matched alternative.
  • ((?<-t>)(){3}|){6} Multiply the number of group t by 3. Save the result in
    the number of group 2.
  • (?=[1468](?<2>)|)(?=[2569](?<2>){2}|)([3-6](?<2>){3}|\d) Match a number,
    and that number of group 2.
  • ((?<-2>){7}|){3} Remove group 2 a multiple of 7 times.
  • ((?<t-2>)|){6} Remove group 2 and match the same number of group t.
  • $(?(t)a) If there is still a group t matched, match a after the end of
    string, which is impossible.

I thought this 103 byte version should also work, but didn't find a workaround
of the bug in the compiler.

^(?(?(?((?<3>){2}[2569]|)([3-6])?((?<-1>)(){3}|){7})(?<3>[1468])?((?<-3>){7}|(?<1-3>)|){9})\d)+$(?(1)a)

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edited Jun 17 '20 at 9:04
[a00]
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answered Oct 25 '14 at 3:01
[Ynx]
jimmy23013jimmy23013
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6

  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ Very short. I'd love an explanation of how this works! \$\
    endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Oct 25 '14 at 23:13
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ @Charles Edited. \$\endgroup\$
    – jimmy23013
    Oct 26 '14 at 3:36
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ I don't think this is gonna be beaten, but I prefer at
    least having to implement the DFA with recursion, this is just insane. I
    wonder if someone can prove or disprove .NET regexes as Turing complete. \$
    \endgroup\$
    – ThePlasmaRailgun
    Feb 27 '19 at 5:48
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ @ThePlasmaRailgun .NET regex is not Turing complete,
    because it doesn't allow repeating empty captures more than the lower bound
    (example). So each group with quantifiers could have only a finite number
    of alternatives if the input has a fixed length. \$\endgroup\$
    – jimmy23013
    Feb 27 '19 at 9:48
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ Ah. Without that bound, would it be Turing complete? \$\
    endgroup\$
    – ThePlasmaRailgun
    Feb 27 '19 at 17:31

  |  Show 1 more comment
32
 
\$\begingroup\$

468 characters

Ruby's regex flavor allows recursion (although it's sort of cheating), so it is
straightforward to implement a DFA that recognizes numbers divisible by 7 using
that. Each named group corresponds to a state, and each branch in the
alternations consumes one digit and then jumps to the appropriate state. If the
end of the number is reached, the regex matches only if the engine is in the
"A" group, otherwise it fails.

It recognizes leading zeros.

(?!$)(?>(|(?<B>4\g<A>|5\g<B>|6\g<C>|[07]\g<D>|[18]\g<E>|[29]\g<F>|3\g<G>))(|(?<C>[18]\g<A>|[29]\g<B>|3\g<C>|4\g<D>|5\g<E>|6\g<F>|[07]\g<G>))(|(?<D>5\g<A>|6\g<B>|[07]\g<C>|[18]\g<D>|[29]\g<E>|3\g<F>|4\g<G>))(|(?<E>[29]\g<A>|3\g<B>|4\g<C>|5\g<D>|6\g<E>|[07]\g<F>|[18]\g<G>))(|(?<F>6\g<A>|[07]\g<B>|[18]\g<C>|[29]\g<D>|3\g<E>|4\g<F>|5\g<G>))(|(?<G>3\g<A>|4\g<B>|5\g<C>|6\g<D>|[07]\g<E>|[18]\g<F>|[29]\g<G>)))(?<A>$|[07]\g<A>|[18]\g<B>|[29]\g<C>|3\g<D>|4\g<E>|5\g<F>|6\g<G>)

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edited Aug 21 '11 at 13:00
answered Aug 21 '11 at 12:10
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LowjackerLowjacker
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4

  • 3
    \$\begingroup\$ I had intended to disallow that, but I guess I didn't. This
    allows for very short solutions in Ruby, Perl, PCRE, and .NET languages. \$
    \endgroup\$
    – Charles
    Aug 21 '11 at 17:13
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ recursion makes it a context-free grammar (if it can decide
    {a*b*|a and b an equal amount of times}) \$\endgroup\$
    – ratchet freak
    Aug 21 '11 at 19:38
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ @ratchet freak: I know that this technically isn't a
    regular expression, but the question states that any regex flavor is
    acceptable. \$\endgroup\$
    – Lowjacker
    Aug 21 '11 at 20:09
  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ I made a generator based on your post that creates these
    for arbitrary divisors and bases: github.com/ThePlasmaRailgun/
    DivisibilityRegexes. It also has the option to generate the .jff files for
    JFLAP. \$\endgroup\$
    – ThePlasmaRailgun
    Feb 27 '19 at 5:27

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28
 
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10791 characters, leading zeros allowed

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5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))|(2|9|46*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))(4|36*[07]|(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))(5|[18]6*3|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(5|36*[18]|(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))(5|[18]6*3|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(3|63*[07]|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(1|8|43*[07]))|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(0|7|56*[18])))(2|9|53*[07]|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(1|8|43*[07])|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(5|36*[18]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(0|7|56*[18]))|(4|[07]6*3|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(5|[07]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(3|63*[07]|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(1|8|43*[07])|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(5|36*[18]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(0|7|56*[18])))|(6|53*4|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(5|43*4)|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))|(4|[07]6*3|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(5|[07]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(0|7|63*4|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(5|43*4)|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))))(1|8|(0|7|[29]6*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5)|[29]6*5|(3|[07]3*6|(2|9|[07]3*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))|(6|(0|7|[29]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)|[29]6*3|(3|[07]3*6|(2|9|[07]3*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(0|7|63*4|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(5|43*4)|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))))*(4|34*5|(0|7|34*[18]|(2|9|34*3)(6|[07]4*3)*(4|[07]4*[18]))(3|56*4|(6|56*[07])(4|36*[07])*(1|8|36*4))*(0|7|64*5|(5|64*3)(6|[07]4*3)*(1|8|[07]4*5))|(2|9|34*3)(6|[07]4*3)*(1|8|[07]4*5)|(6|(0|7|[29]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)|[29]6*3|(3|[07]3*6|(2|9|[07]3*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(3|63*[07]|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(1|8|43*[07])|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(5|36*[18]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(0|7|56*[18])))))*(3|53*[18]|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(2|9|43*[18])|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(6|36*[29]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(1|8|56*[29]))|(4|[07]6*3|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(5|[07]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(4|63*[18]|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(2|9|43*[18])|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(6|36*[29]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(1|8|56*[29])))|(6|53*4|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(5|43*4)|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))|(4|[07]6*3|(1|8|53*6|(0|7|53*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(5|[07]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(0|7|63*4|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(5|43*4)|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))))(1|8|(0|7|[29]6*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5)|[29]6*5|(3|[07]3*6|(2|9|[07]3*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))|(6|(0|7|[29]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)|[29]6*3|(3|[07]3*6|(2|9|[07]3*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(0|7|63*4|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(5|43*4)|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(2|9|36*5|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(4|56*5))))*(5|34*6|(0|7|34*[18]|(2|9|34*3)(6|[07]4*3)*(4|[07]4*[18]))(3|56*4|(6|56*[07])(4|36*[07])*(1|8|36*4))*(1|8|64*6|(5|64*3)(6|[07]4*3)*(2|9|[07]4*6))|(2|9|34*3)(6|[07]4*3)*(2|9|[07]4*6)|(6|(0|7|[29]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)|[29]6*3|(3|[07]3*6|(2|9|[07]3*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3)))(5|[18]6*3|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(0|7|36*3|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))|(6|[18]6*4)(3|56*4)*(2|9|56*3))*(4|63*[18]|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(2|9|43*[18])|(2|9|63*6|(1|8|63*5)(6|43*5)*(0|7|43*6))(4|36*[07]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(6|56*[07]))*(6|36*[29]|(1|8|36*4)(3|56*4)*(1|8|56*[29]))))))+

10795 characters, leading zeros forbidden

0|((foo)0*)+, where the above regex is (0|foo)+.

Explanation

Numbers divisible by 7 are matched by the obvious finite automaton with 7
states Q = {0, …, 6}, initial and final state 0, and transitions d: i ↦ (10i +
d) mod 7. I converted this finite automaton into a regular expression, using
recursion on the set of allowed intermediate states:

Given i, j ∈ Q and S ⊆ Q, let f(i, S, j) be a regular expression that matches
all automaton paths from i to j using only intermediate states within S. Then,

f(i, ∅, j) = (j − 10i) mod 7,

f(i, S ∪ {k}, j) = f(i, S, j) ∣ f(i, S, k) f(k, S, k)* f(k, S, j).

I used dynamic programming to choose k so as to minimize the length of the
resulting expression.

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edited Mar 16 '16 at 18:18
answered Mar 10 '16 at 23:17
[iGs]
Anders KaseorgAnders Kaseorg
35.7k33 gold badges6464 silver badges129129 bronze badges
\$\endgroup\$
2

  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ I think you have to add 2 character for in the leading zero
    case, since I guess zero has to be allowed 0|((foo)0*)+ \$\endgroup\$
    – n̴̖̋h̷͉̃a̷̭̿h̸̡̅ẗ̵̨́d̷̰̀ĥ̷̳
    Mar 16 '16 at 3:05
  • 3
    \$\begingroup\$ I have commented on the question, but by common sense, "no
    leading zero" usually means that no redundant leading 0, but it does not
    exclude the number zero. \$\endgroup\$
    – n̴̖̋h̷͉̃a̷̭̿h̸̡̅ẗ̵̨́d̷̰̀ĥ̷̳
    Mar 16 '16 at 3:56

Add a comment  |   
25
 
\$\begingroup\$

I was really impressed by Griffin's answer and needed to figure out how it
worked! The result is the following JavaScript. (It's 3.5k characters, which is
shorter in a way!) The gen function takes a divisor and base and generates a
regular expression that matches numbers in the specified base that are
divisible by that divisor.

I've generalized Griffin's NFA for any base: the nfa function takes a divisor
and base and returns a two dimensional array of transitions. The input required
to go from state 0 to state 2, for example, is states[0][2] == "1".

The reduce function takes in the states array and runs it through this
algorithm to translate the NFA to regex. The regexes that are generated are
huge and look like they have a lot of redundant clauses, despite my attempts at
optimization. The regex for 7 base 10 is about ~67k characters long; Firefox
throws an "InternalError" for n > 5 trying to parse the regex; running the
regex on Chrome starts getting slow for n > 6.

There's also the test function that takes a regex and base and runs it against
the numbers 0 to 100, so test(gen(5)) == [0, 5, 10, 15, ...].

Despite the suboptimal result, this was a fantastic learning opportunity, and I
hope some of this code will be useful in the future!

function gen(b, base) {
    var states = nfa(b, base)
    for (var i = 0; i < states.length; i++)
        states = reduce(states, i);
    return states[0][0] != 'phi' && new RegExp('^' + wrap(states[0][0]) + '$');
}

function test(reg, base) {
    if (!base)
        base = 10;

    var x = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        x.push(i);
    return x.map(function (a) {return a.toString(base)}).filter(reg.test.bind(reg)).map(function (a) {return parseInt(a, base)})
}

function nfa(b, base) {
    if (!base)
        base = 10;

    var states = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < b; i++) {
        states[i] = [];
        for (var j = 0; j < b; j++)
            states[i][j] = [];
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b; i++)
        for (var n = 0; n < base; n++)
            states[i][(i * base + n) % b].push(n.toString());

    for (var i = 0; i < b; i++)
        for (var j = 0; j < b; j++)
            states[i][j] = states[i][j].length > 1 ? '[' + states[i][j].join('') + ']' : (states[i][j][0] || 'phi');
    return states;
}

// http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~squire/cs451_l7.html
function reduce(states, n) {
    var s = states.length;
    var reduced = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        reduced[i] = [];
        for (var j = 0; j < s; j++) {
            // reduced[i][j] = wrap(states[i][n] + wrap(states[n][n]) + '*' + states[n][j] + '|' + states[i][j]);
            reduced[i][j] = '';

            if (states[i][n] == 'phi' || states[n][j] == 'phi') {
                reduced[i][j] = states[i][j];
                continue;
            }

            if (states[i][n] != states[n][n])
                reduced[i][j] += wrap(states[i][n]);

            if (states[n][n] != 'phi') {
                reduced[i][j] += wrap(states[n][n]);

                if (states[i][n] == states[n][n] && states[n][j] == states[n][n])
                    reduced[i][j] += wrap(states[n][n]);

                if (states[i][n] == states[n][n] || states[n][j] == states[n][n])
                    reduced[i][j] += '+';
                else
                    reduced[i][j] += '*';
            }

            if (states[n][j] != states[n][n])
                reduced[i][j] += wrap(states[n][j]);

            reduced[i][j] = states[i][j] == 'phi' ? wrap(reduced[i][j]) : alternate(reduced[i][j], states[i][j]);
        }
    }
    return reduced;
}

function matching(x, open, close) {
    // Test if the parens are actually matching
    if ('(['.indexOf(x.charAt(open)) != -1 && ')]'.indexOf(x.charAt(close)) != -1) {
        var count = 0;
        for (var i = open; i <= close; i++) {
            if ('(['.indexOf(x.charAt(i)) != -1)
                count++;
            else if (')]'.indexOf(x.charAt(i)) != -1) {
                count--;

                if (count == 0)
                    return i == close;
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}

function wrap(x) {
    if (x.length < 2 || matching(x, 0, x.length - 1))
        return x;
    return '(' + x + ')';
}

function optional(cond) {
    if (matching(cond, 0, cond.length - 2)) {
        var op = cond.charAt(cond.length - 1);
        if (op == '+')
            return cond.slice(0, -1) + '*';
        else if (op == '*' || op == '?')
            return cond;
    } else if (matching(cond, 0, cond.length - 1))
        return optional(cond.slice(1, -1));

    return wrap(cond) + '?';
}

function alternate(cond1, cond2) {
    cond2 = wrap(cond2);
    var index = cond1.indexOf(cond2);
    var len = cond2.length;
    var cond = '';

    if (index == 0) {
        var op = cond1.charAt(len);
        if (op == '*')
            cond = cond2 + '+' + optional(cond1.slice(len));
        else if (op == '+')
            cond = cond1;
        else
            cond = cond2 + optional(cond1.slice(len));
    } else if (index == cond1.length - len)
        cond = optional(cond1.slice(0, index)) + cond2;
    else if (cond1.length == 1 && cond2.length == 1)
        cond = '[' + cond1 + cond2 + ']';
    else
        cond = cond1 + '|' + cond2;

    return wrap(cond);
}

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edited Mar 10 '16 at 21:30
[wQr]
mbomb007
22.7k66 gold badges5555 silver badges132132 bronze badges
answered Aug 28 '11 at 8:52
[1ff]
Casey ChuCasey Chu
1,7411212 silver badges1010 bronze badges
\$\endgroup\$

Add a comment  |   
9
 
\$\begingroup\$

Perl/PCRE, 370 characters

^(?!$|0.)([07]*(?:[18](?2)|[29](?3)|3(?4)|4(?5)|5(?7)|6(?9)|$))|(5*(?:[07](?4)|[18](?5)|[29](?7)|4(?1)|6(?3)|3(?9)))(3*(?:[18](?1)|[29](?2)|[07](?9)|4(?4)|5(?5)|6(?7)))([18]*(?:[07](?3)|[29](?5)|5(?1)|6(?2)|3(?7)|4(?9)))(6*([29](?1)|[07](?7)|[18](?9)|3(?2)|4(?3)|5(?4)))(4*([07](?2)|[18](?3)|[29](?4)|6(?1)|3(?5)|5(?9)))([29]*([07](?5)|[18](?7)|3(?1)|4(?2)|5(?3)|6(?4)))

Rejects the empty string, as well as strings with leading 0’s (except "0").

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edited Mar 16 '16 at 2:43
[d09]
n̴̖̋h̷͉̃a̷̭̿h̸̡̅ẗ̵̨́d̷̰̀ĥ̷̳
5,8552323 silver badges4141 bronze badges
answered Mar 10 '16 at 20:41
[164]
GrimmyGrimmy
15.3k11 gold badge2727 silver badges6161 bronze badges
\$\endgroup\$
1

  • 
    \$\begingroup\$ @Charles This is valid PHP PCRE, and does indeed work to
    validate divisibility -- try it here \$\endgroup\$
    – cat
    Mar 10 '16 at 22:56

Add a comment  |   

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